Month: June 2026

Journal

Why Economic Activity Does Not Guarantee Value Creation: The B.I.G.o Framework and the National Index of Circulation (NIC)

Nikoloz Abuashvili, PhDProfessorGeorgian Institute of Public AffairsTbilisi, Georgia Abstract: This paper develops the B.I.G.o. (Business–Individuals–Government–Outside) framework as a simplified representation of the economic system, designed to trace how monetary flows circulate and generate value within an economy. Within this framework, we introduce the National Index of Circulation (NIC) as a simplified metric capturing the efficiency […]

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Journal

The political economy of Russian sanctions evasion and coup contagion in Niger Republic: a geoeconomic and power theory analysis

Success Esomchi Obi, PhD¹, ¹Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, PMB 1008, Kogi State, Nigeria Emaіl: Speak2successresearch@gmail.com Orchid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4111-4077 Professor Enojo Kennie Enojo², ²Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria E-mail: enojokennie@gmail.com Orchid: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0321-7817 Agaba Joseph David, PhD3 3Department […]

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Journal

The Paradox of Elections without Alternation in Sub-Saharan Africa: How Institutional Capture Constrains Electoral Alternation

Moise Tchankoumi Secretary-General of the Observatory of Political Transition and Conflicts in Africa (OPTCA) a retired university professor, political scientist, and economist Paris – France 0rchid.https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6908-9242 Abstract Since 1990, Sub-Saharan Africa has held more than 200 presidential elections. Yet, fewer than one in eight have produced alternation — a pattern that persisted in 2024–2025, when […]

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Journal

Georgia, Türkiye, and Connectivity Governance: Lessons for Latin America

Talya İşcan PhD CandidateProfessor and ResearcherUniversidad IberoamericanaMexico City, MexicoORCID: 0009-0008-7622-6424E-mail: talyaiscan@politicas.unam.mx Abstract This article analyzes Georgia-Türkiye cooperation as a case of pragmatic connectivity governance and asks what Latin America can learn from it in a fragmented international order. The study combines qualitative document analysis with descriptive trade and policy evidence from official sources, international organizations […]

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Journal

The International Military Education and Training (IMET) program implications to Georgian Defense Forces (GDF)

                                                                         Zezva Liparteliani PHD CandidateFaculty of Humanities Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Tbilisi, Georgia Abstract: The International Military Education and Training (IMET) program is a U.S. initiative designed to bolster military alliances and promote democratic values through the education and training of foreign military personnel. This article examines the profound implications of the IMET program […]

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Journal

The Formation of Identity Politics: Historical Development, Contemporary Debates, and Critical Perspectives

Natia Gugunashvili PhD Candidate in Political Science AbstractIdentity politics has become a defining feature of contemporary political life, reshaping patterns of mobilization, conflict, and governance. This article examines the historical emergence, theoretical foundations, and critical debates surrounding identity politics, arguing that it possesses a fundamentally dual character. While it serves as a powerful mechanism for […]

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